Ecological forecasting involves using models and data to predict how ecosystems will respond to environmental changes over time. This research area aims to improve our ability to anticipate and mitigate the impact of human activities on the natural world. Ecological forecasting typically involves integrating information on climate, land use, species interactions, and other factors to predict ecological changes at various scales, from local to global. The ultimate goal of ecological forecasting is to inform decision-making and promote sustainable management practices to protect biodiversity and ecosystem services.